Xylitol: What is it?
One of the most common household toxin exposures that I see in dogs is ingestion of a popular sugar
substitute called xylitol. While it is considered safe for people, it can cause life threatening emergencies
in dogs. Many people aren’t aware that it is a dangerous substance to our canine companions.
Where is it found?
It can be found in granular form like many other artificial sweeteners, but also in a wide variety of
products like sugarfree gum, lip balm, sunscreen, toothpaste, candy, and even makeup and diaper wipes.
Some foods and medications contain xylitol. I recommend checking all products that your furry family
member has access to, including baked products, peanut butter, pancake syrup, pudding, barbecue sauces,
drink powders, ketchup, over-the-counter medications, etc. to make sure xylitol is not on the ingredient
list.
What’s the problem?
When ingested, xylitol can cause a dog’s blood sugar to very quickly (within 30-60 minutes) drop to
dangerously low levels due to insulin release. This effect can be delayed for several hours in some
cases. Sudden liver failure and clotting problems can also develop. All of these are life threatening.
What are the symptoms?
After ingestion, the first sign is often vomiting. This may progress rapidly to lethargy, collapsing and
seizures. If sugarfree gum containing xylitol was ingested, the signs can be delayed several hours.
What do I do?
If you know your dog ingested xylitol or a product with xylitol in it, seek veterinary attention immediately
(and bring the packaging of whatever product was consumed with you!). Vomiting may be induced if you
bring your pet in before symptoms start. If not caught very early, IV fluid therapy with supportive care
and medications to raise blood sugar may be started. Liver protectant medications and longer term
hospitalization may also be instituted.
